Afarnu i ibeddlen tikli n tudert (sɣur Murad At Weḥmed)

Ɣer taggara n lqern wis 18, yiwen n ufarnu (volcan) i d-yukin si tlemmast n lqaεa yerra akka Urupa deg yiwet n liḥala n warway ameqran. Afarnu-a iḍegger-d yiwen usigna i d-iɣeḍlen rrehba ɣef Urupa. Azal n 8 waguren, asigna-a ur yekkis ara. Ugar n 2 leqrun aya, taɣuri n kra yeḍrisen , seg-sen llan werǧin i d-ffiɣen, fkan-d akk tinagit-nsen ɣef twaɣit i d-yellan.

 Di tṣebḥit n 08 n yunyu n useggas 1783, tafsut tuɣ akk timura n Urupa, deg ass-nni i d-yuki ufarnu n Laki di tmurt n “Island”. Asigna swayes i d-yegla yeǧǧa taruft deg yir liḥala azal n 08 waguren.  Amusnaw isεa lḥeq mi d-yenna: “ ulac d acu i d-yennulfan di ddunit-a” ladya aɣebar n Island di tmura n Urupa. Yiwen n umezray ilemẓi d abuji (bosgien), d amnadi di CNRS, Emanuel Garnier, yura adlis anida i d-iḥekku ɣef  tallit-a anida i d-iḥekku ɣef wayen yeḍran deg uzwel “Acewwel n uzwu 5 n leqrun n lḥamu d usemmiḍdi Urupa”. 

Aṭas n yeɣmisen i d-yuran ɣef tedyant-a, i yerran kullec d ṭṭlam. Iṭij yuqel d azeggaɣ di tguni-ines wala  deg alluy-is. Igenni yeččur d asigna n « Sufr » i yerran tudert ẓẓyet , yerna yenɣa aṭas n yemdanen. Deg tallit-nni, igenni yeččur d asigna-a, dɣa afarnu-a s 130 iɣisan i d-yellan di lqaεa iḍegger-d azal n 10 km3 n yikuftan di tjumma n 25 km². Lgaz i d-iḍegger, dɣa amaɣus n Flurdrik « acide fluoridrique »  d « dioxyde sulferique ». Afarnu n Laki iḍegger-d azal  n 80 n tikkal n wurrig di tegnawt ugar n ufarnu n Udrar « St Helens » deg useggas n 1980. Rnu ɣef waya liḥala n tegnawt tcewwel deg useggas-nni.  Di teswiεt nniḍen, asigna-a iwulem ad t-yawi waḍu ɣer  ugafa, maεna yella-d waḍu itezzin am ssaεa i d-yewwin asigna-nni ɣer Urupa.

Anagi amezwaru d yiwen Uqerru n temsulta n « Nansi »  i d-immeslayen ɣef yiwen usigna meqqren deg wass n 12 n yunyu, 4 wussan kan seg asmi i d-iḍegger ufarnu-a akka ssem-is.  Aṭas i d-yuran ɣef teqseḥ n yigenni aẓɣal yekmel  si Petersburg alamma d Lizbun. Ass n 17 si Yunyu, yiwen umgaman (naturaliste) , Murg n Muntridun iga assaɣ gar tikkufta n ufarnu n Islan d ucewwel n tegnawt.  Ma d imusnawen wiyaḍ , qqaren d akken d ifurna n Ṭṭelyan, i yettwassnen ugar yerna i ten-iqerben.

Di Tegzirt n Island , d nnger.  Kra n ideyyaniyen qqaren d taskrant, d lḥisab n yigenni imi nerra Illu di ṭṭerf.  S tidet i wid yumnen aya. Deg wass n lḥed, deg ass n lεibada, Imḍebber n tmezdayt yessuter i yimekdiyen ad ssutren di rebbi ad teniɣit. Dɣa ikuftan ḥebsen ɣef 2 n lmitrat kan si tmezgida, meεna ayen ur ẓrin d asigna-nni ara ten-iɣeḍlen.

Ugar n uzgen n lmal yemmut s ssebba n 80 imelyunen iqenṭaren n umaɣus Fkluridrik i d-xelqen tuget n fluor deg yiɣsan wala di tuɣmas. Laẓ iban-d dɣa azal n 20 si meyya i yemmuten deg useggas-nni.

Di Urupa , asigna-a ixelq-ed aṭas n tugdi d uqlileḥ. Awal yeqwa ɣef tterka. Ayen yugaren aya d asigna-nni i icewwlen akk liḥala n tegnawt. Urupa tessen tasmuḍi qessiḥen , imi s usigna-nni, izenẓaren n yiṭij uqlen d asawen, dɣa tazɣelt tṣub nezzeh. Deg wayyur n duǧember, asemmiḍ yedla-d ɣef Urupa.  Asemmiḍ d rrwa : adfel d ugris ugten.  Mi d-tebda tefsut n 84, tileɣlaɣṭṭuqtent di Dublin d Vienna.  Azgen n ugafa n Fransa yettwaḥuza. Aṭas n yimyura n tmezdayin i d-icehden ɣef waya : dɣa lmut tennerna s waṭas.

Liḥala n tmetti tettwaɣ, dɣa agellid Lwis XVI iserba ugar n 3 imelyunen n yidlisen i wid iḥwaǧen. «  aḥric-a, d netta i iεawnen akken ad d-bnun awanek atrar », i d-yenna umazray Emanuel Garnier. Ahat d nettat i d ssebba tamezwarut n tegrawla tafrensist n 1789 ?

Meεna laryuy mgaraden.

 Azal n tis rebεa seg yimezdaɣ n Island mmuten. D tawaɣit meqqren i d-tεac tegzirt-a deg 8 wagguren nni i deg i d-tedder asigna-a, yerna isnegren akk tuččit di lqaεa wala lmal-nsen.

Ur ilaq ara ad nheggi iman-nneɣ i twaɣyin am tigi ?

Murad At Weḥmed