La poliomyélite, d aṭṭan i yettedraεen s shala, yettawi-t-id ubirus i yekkaten ɣer unagraw asuran (système nerveux). Aṭṭan-a, deg kra n timar kan (sswayeε), yezmer ad yekref bnadem i lebda. Yekkat ladɣa igerdan i yesεan ddaw 05 n yiseggasen. Deg yiseggasen n 1960, ufan-as-d tifrat akken ad as-gen leḥdada s ucraḍ i d-snulfan yimussnawen …
D acu-tent tmental-is ?
Abirus n waṭṭan-a, yettekki di twacult n picornavirus ; tawsit-ines, d Enterovirus. Llant kraḍ n tewsatin n poliovirus (1, 2 d 3), i izemren akk ad d-awint aṭṭan-a.
Abirus-nni, ikeccem deg wudus (l’organisme) seg uqemmuc, yettεedday ɣef taɣect akked yijeɣdan … yezmer ad iḥaz ula d timaẓwalin n yiɣsan (muscles squelettiques).
Amek i yettentaḍ waṭṭan-a ?
Abirus n poliomyélite, yettenfufud deg ugerjum akked ujeɣdan arqaq, nezmer ad t-naf di taɣect akked yiẓẓan. Yettentaḍ gar medden s ttawil n waman i iεefnen neɣ n wučči i imesxen s yiẓẓan. Wid yeṭṭef waṭṭan-a, zemren ad t-sderεen skud abirus-nni yezdeɣ di taɣect-nsen (azal n ddurt) neɣ di nǧasa-nsen (3 ar 6 n ddurtat neɣ ugar).
Tifrat i d-ufan akken ad as-gen leqrar, d acraḍ i cerrḍen leṭwafen. Di tmura anda aṭṭan-a yezmer ad yennerni, rennun acraḍ n VPO (Vaccin Poliomyélitique Oral) i yigerdan i yesεan ddaw 5 n yiseggasen deg wass aɣelnaw n ucraḍ.
Amek ara nfiq belli nuḍen-it ?
Ayen i d-yeskanayen aṭṭan-a di tazwara d (tawla, leεyu, leqriḥ n uqerruy), yezmer ad d-ḍefren yiriran, leqriḥ, ur nzemmer ara ad nḥerrek aḥway-nneɣ. Yettawi-d daɣen akraf ur nḥellu i yiḍarren maca nezmer ad d-nini 1 seg 200 kan i yekkat deg waya.
Ma ur nqerreε ara aya, 5 ar 10% n wid i yettwakerfen, ttmettaten s uxnaq acku ttwakerfent tmaẓwalin-nsen. …
Kra n wid i t-ihelken yakan, ɣas akken jjin acḥal aya, nettaf-d deg-sen lixsas di tfekka-nsen, ur ttizmiren ara ad ḥerken akken am zik, ula d asnuffes daɣen yettaεer-asen, ilaq ad ibedd ḥed ɣur-sen. D ayen i d-yeskanayen dakken abirus-nni mazal ur ten-yeffiɣ ara akkit.
Iwakken ad nḥader iman-nneɣ ɣef waṭṭan-a, ulac asafar i iwulmen, ilaq bnadem ad yessizdig di tudert-is. Taswiεt-a, d acraḍ kan i d-ufan akken ḥadren medden fell-as ; aya, seg 1960 i t-id-ufan.
Llant snat n tewsatin n ucraḍ :
1.Le vaccin poliomyélitique injectable (VPI), yesnulfa-t-id Jonas Salk deg yiseggasen n 1950. Acraḍ-a, yesra aṭas n tyitiwin akked usmekti n tyiti-ines di lawan i iwulmen. ..
2.Le vaccin poliomyélitique oral (VPO), yesnulfa-t-id Albert Sabin, deg yiseggasen n 1950 daɣen. … Acraḍ-a, yesεa aṭas n wayen yelhan deg-s, d wa i semrasen s ḥawla akken ad ssujin medden i yuḍnen, yeshel iwakken ad t-tegreḍ di tfekka, tettizmir s shala tfekka ad tennaɣ d waṭṭan-nni, ula d ijeɣdan ad ttwaḥadaren. Tagarit-a, snufan-d yiwen n VPO-nniḍen d amaynut ; seg 2021, acraḍ-a amaynut, yuɣal d netta i semrasen, ǧǧan win n zik.
Nezmer ad nessenger aṭṭan-a n poliomyélite ?
Uqbel ma ad d-yennulfa ucraḍ, aṭṭan n poliomyélite, yella seg wid i yekkaten mliḥ imeẓyanen. Deg yiseggasen n 1980, yettḥaz yal aseggas d tiwinazin n yigiman n yimeẓyanen deg umaḍan.
Iwakken ad t-ɣelben, tasuddest tagreɣlant n tdawsa (OMS), tger-d deg 1988 akken ad t-tessenger. Anect-a, ires ɣef snat n tgejda :
a.Taεessast, iwakken ad t-id-afen zik uqbel ma yessegra-d lexsara ubirus-nni.
b.Acraḍ, n yigerdan akk n umaḍal.
Acḥal n medden i iḥuza waṭṭan-a ?
Uqbel ma ad d-snulfan acraḍ (iseggasen n 1960), aṭṭan-a, yettḥaz ugar n 600 000 n yigerdan deg useggas deg umaḍal. Deg 1988, 350 000 deg useggas. Deg 1994, s ucraḍ, amenẓaw n Marikan (36 n tmura), yessaweḍ ad iḥader iman-is seg ubirus-a. Deg useggas n 2000, d timura n ugmuḍ am Ccinwa (37 n tmura). Deg 2002, deg Urupa (51 n tmura). Deg 2014 deg unẓul agmuḍan (Sud-Est) n Asya (11 n tmura, Lhend). Deg 2020, deg Tefriqt (47 n tmura).
Isallen i d-wwiɣ da, ufiɣ-ten deg : https://www.pasteur.fr/fr/centre-medical/fiches-maladies/poliomyelite. Γuct 2024.
Σebdennur Ḥamituc.
Tasnawit n Σebderreḥman Busaεa. Adekkar
